Food Procurement Essay Example Essay Example

Food Procurement Essay Example Paper Food Procurement Essay Introduction Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ is the Philippine’s fastest turning barbecue fast nutrient concatenation. functioning poulet. porc barbecue and other Filipino favourites. was foremost established on December 12. 2003 in Iloilo City. Presently. there were 445 subdivisions countrywide and with over 10. 000 employees system broad. Mang Inasal is making its portion in relieving the unemployment load of the state. The presence of every Mang Inasal in a certain country provides non merely employment but besides opportunities to community members including providers of kalamansi. wood coal. banana leaves. veggies. bamboo sticks. and other ingredients. It besides indirectly gives income-generating activities to many. In maintaining with the mission to systematically supply its clients a great Pinoy dining experience. Mang Inasal. the Philippines’ fastest turning barbeque fast nutrient concatenation subdivisions out once more. this clip in Turbina. Calamba. Laguna adding to its more tha n 300 subdivisions countrywide. Marco Sison and Nonoy Zuniga graced the gap last Nov. 19. The Brothers Band provided the amusement and endorse up. First established in Iloilo City on December 12. 2003 by Edgar â€Å"Injap† Sia functioning grilled poulet. porc barbeque and other Filipino favourites. Mang Inasal Turbina in Calamba is a franchise owned by Ikemada Resources. Inc. . a keeping company. which aims to hold ownership of different outlets/branches in the nutrient industry. Ikemada’s pick of Turbina in Calamba as the following site for Mang Inasal is its strategic location which is between the two coach terminuss ferrying riders from Manila to the southern states of Quezon. Batangas. Bicol and Mindoro. Turbina is merely 30-minutes’ thrust from Makati. This is besides in line with Mang Inasal’s vision to be the preferable speedy service eating house of every Pinoy everyplace. Food Procurement Essay Body Paragraphs Mang Inasal enterprises to adhere to elements that bear a clearly Pinoy stamp-grilling with wood coal. rice wrapped in banana foliages. marinade concocted out of local spices and herbs. bamboo sticks for skewers. and the atmosphere that encourages kinamot ( the Ilonggo term in eating with the custodies ) whenever poulet inasal is served. All these evoke a haste of nostalgia for tradition. civilization. and most of all. place. Grilled poulet isn’t the lone menu that Mang Inasal offers. They have Sisig. Grilled Pork. Bangus. Chicken Feet. Wingss. Pecho. Liver and Baticulon. Fish and Pork Sinigang. Batchoy. Bihon. Pancit Molo. Pinoy Burger. Pinoy Mirienda. Pinoy Panamis. Pinoy Pampagana. and more. Mang Inasal’s Vision is to be the preferable speedy service eating house of every pinoy everyplace. Their mission is to systematically supply their clients a great pinoy dining experience. Aims of the Study -To find the buying and telling processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To place the receiving processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To find the storage processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To place the stock list processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To know the sanitation processs of Mang Inasal. PetronTurbina. Significance of the Study This survey of the nutrient procurance in Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ including The existent nutrient buying. receiving. hive awaying. stock list and issue processs will function as a mention to the pupils researching and analyzing approximately nutrient procurance of a nutrient constitution. This will besides function as a usher for other constitutions if they are following the right processs in nutrient procurance. This survey will assist inform the consumers if this nutrient constitution is safe to eat from. Last. the survey will assist other hereafter research workers if the traditional manner of these activities were still practiced today. Methodology Research Locale Mang Inasal chicken BBQ Corporate Off ice ( Head Office ) is placed 2316 Aurora Boulevard. Tramo St. . Pasay City. Mang Inasal is runing at the following countries: Bacolod. Iloilo. Roxas. Laguna. Bicutan. Metro Manila. Davao. Cagayan De Oro. Koronadal. Cavite. Cebu. Boracay. Baguio. Pangasinan. Tuguegarao. La Union. Pampanga. Bulacan. Mindoro. Agusan. Zamboanga. Ozamiz. Iligan. Surigao. General Santos. Pagadian. Batangas. Lucena. Naga City. Davao del Norte. Davao del Sur. Tagaytay. Palawan. Tacloban. Ilocos Sur and Tarlac. Mang Inasal is aiming to open 500 shops by 2012. The research workers focused on Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ located near PETRON ( Gasoline Station ) in Turbina. Calamba City. Laguna which was opened last November 19. 2011 and the gap was graced by Nonoy Zuniga and Marco Sison. This franchise subdivision is owned by Ikemada Resources Inc. . a keeping company. Research Design The descriptive method of research was used for this survey. To specify the descriptive type of research. Creswell ( 1994 ) stated that the descriptive method of research is to garner information about the present bing status. The accent is on depicting instead than on judgment or interpretation. The purpose of descriptive research is to verify formulated hypotheses that refer to the present state of affairs in order to clarify it. The descriptive attack is speedy and practical in footings of the fiscal facet. Furthermore. this method allows a flexible attack. therefore when of import new issues and inquiries arise during the continuance of the survey. farther probe may be conducted. The research worker opted to incorporate the qualitative attack in this survey due to its important advantages. The usage of qualitative informations assemblage method is advantageous as they are more unfastened to alterations and polish of research thoughts as the survey progresses ; this implies that qualitative informations assemblage tools are extremely flexible. Furthermore. no use of the research scene is necessary with this method ; instead than employ assorted research controls such as in experimental attacks. the qualitative informations assemblage methods are merely centered on understanding the happening phenomena in their of course happening provinces. Aside from these advantages. research workers use qualitative data-gathering tools as some old research workers believe that qualitative informations are peculiarly attractive as they provide rich and reasoned descriptions and accounts every bit good as unanticipated findings for new theory building. One of the noteworthy strengths of the qualitative instruments is that they evoke a more realistic feeling of the research puting which can non be obtained from statistical analysis and numerical informations utilized through quantitative agencies. These informations aggregation methods allow flexibleness in carry oning informations assemblage. research analysis and reading of collected information. In add-on. qualitative method allows the presentation of the phenomenon being investigated in a more holistic position. Research Instruments a. Interview An interview can be undertaken to roll up informations. there are two types of interviews and they include face to confront interview and telephone interview. a face to confront interview will affect aggregation of informations whereby the respondent and research decision maker sit together. a telephone interview on the other manus will affect naming the respondent and replies obtained over the phone. a face to confront interview is considered more expensive given that the research decision maker may be required to go and besides this procedure may be clip devouring. ( Fowler. 2008 ) Interview are farther subdivided into structured and unstructured interview. structured interview involves puting up a set of inquiries that will be administered while unstructured involve inquiring the respondent to lucubrate on certain issues. ( Fowler. 2008 ) B. Observation Observation is another metho d of roll uping informations. this method involves detecting participants and entering informations. for illustration roll uping informations on the figure of vehicles that use a certain main road will affect the observation method of roll uping informations. ( Fowler. 2008 ) c. Analyzing paperss This is secondary informations aggregation method that involves roll uping informations from published paperss illustration diaries and a book. other beginnings include on-line databases which are comparatively inexpensive methods of obtaining informations. this method is preferred given that it is less clip consuming and besides less dearly-won. This method nevertheless have a disadvantage given that it may given lift to accuracy jobs. informations truth will depend on the intent of the informations collected and that there may lift job when information may unavailable and therefore a research worker will be required to utilize primary beginnings of informations which include interview and questionnaires. ( Fowler. 2008 ) When planing the research informations aggregation methods it is of import that the research worker takes into consideration the answering attitude. informations aggregation methods such as questionnaires should be designed taking into consideration the reaction of the respondents when a certain inquiry is directed to them. besides the research inquiries should be clear and simple and should non be taking inquiries. The other factor that should be taken into consideration is the cost. when choosing the information aggregation method one should take into consideration the cost associated with that method and whether there exist ways to cut down such costs. face to confront interview sometimes may be dearly-won and clip consuming and therefore questionnaires that are comparatively inexpensive may be preferred. besides the questionnaires may be more appropriate given that they are less clip devouring given that a batch of informations can be collected at one time. for illustration a survey that involves participants from different parts and the respondent sends the questionnaires to the respondents. ( Fowler. 2008 ) Data Gathering Procedures The research workers used interview and guide inquiries to garner the needful information. ( See Appendix A ) Cardinal Informants The research workers interviewed Mr. Jayson Pizarra. the former director of Mang Inasal – Turbina. and Ms. Mary Ann Papio. the present director. The research workers have undergone two interviews with each director. The first interview was done with the former director. Mr. Pizarra. in January 2012. The 2nd interview was done with the present director. Ms. Papio last March 12. 2012 at Mang Inasal – Turbina. The research workers wished to talk with their buying agent to garner the right information because nutrient procurance is handled largely by the buying forces of a nutrient constitution ; unluckily. Mang Inasal doesn’t have buying forces. T he directors and helper directors act as the buying forces and manage the nutrient procurance of their constitution. 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Computer Security and Why It Is So Important essays

Computer Security and Why It Is So Important essays Although it is never possible to fully prevent the unauthorized use of information from people with security clearances and access, the use of security clearance and access is important to ensure that people without security clearance cannot access the confidential information. In other words, the concept of `absolute security' is a chimera. It is the nature of security that makes it necessary to weigh up the threats, the risks, the harm arising, and the cost of safeguards (Bach, 1986). A balance must be found between predictable costs and uncertain benefits, in order to select a set of measures appropriate to the need. In most of the cases, the risks of security clearance involve on the personal integrity, trustworthiness, and honesty than the information systems (IS) security measures. Even if IS security measures are handled to monitor and control all of the keystrokes of the computers, there are instances of unauthorized information because of personal negligence, such as one may leave inadvertently classified material left unattended. Also, computer diskettes, CDs, carbon paper, and used typewriter ribbons may pose a problem when doing a security check, as a visual examination of these items does not tell whether the items contain classified information Although to prevent the unauthorized use of information, information can be disaggregated at several locations, without providing networks communications between these locations. However, this kind of measure is neither cost-effective nor productive, because where people are trustworthy and they need such information for authorized uses will have access to such information in bits and pieces from several locations. It would not only create time delay in accessing all of the needed information, but it would create much difficulty in putting all of the information in order. However, when data are in a datab...

Case study on Biochemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study on Biochemistry - Essay Example When the cycle is incomplete, and the product is not formed, the function of the organism cannot properly take place. Without enzymes, the reactions needed for biological processes of the body would take at a slower rate or fail to take place. This is detrimental to the well-being of the organism involved. One of the most important enzymatic actions is the breakdown of fructose. This is a simple sugar found in some of foods such as fruit and honey. This is essential as it plays an immense role in supply of energy for the body. However, fructose is not a direct source of energy, but enzymes are required to breakdown fructose into a reliable energy. After eating, catabolism of fructose takes place through fructolysis. The process begins with the enzyme fructokinase and produces fructose 1-phosphate as a product. The second step is enhanced by aldose. This enzyme breaks down fructose 1-phosphate into two products: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehydes. The products enter the process of glycolysis to ensure the body gets its energy requirement and extra glucose. The absence of enzymes necessary for the breakdown of fructose leads to poor response of the body with repeated ingestion of foods containing fructose (NLM, 2011). Explain how a deficiency in aldolase B can be responsible for hereditary fructose intolerance. Aldolase B plays a significant role in the breakdown of fructose. The absence of the enzyme leads to accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate in the liver cells (NLM, 2011). The accumulation of this substance is toxic, and overtime leads to the death of liver cells (Breakspear Medical Group Ltd, n.d.). Additionally, fructose-1-phosphate fails to release the phosphate group required for repeated ATP production and control of stored sugar (NLM, 2011). Several defects arise due to death of liver cells and low number of phosphate groups. They include hypoglycemia, liver abnormalities, and other forms of hereditary fructose intolerance (NLM, 2011 ). Provide clearly labeled diagrams to demonstrate: Diagram lock and key models of enzymatic activity. Diagram showing how enzymes function as a lock and key. Diagram the effect of enzymes on activation energy. Discuss the specific substrate acted on by aldolase B. Enzymes are usually specific in nature. They only act to a unique substrate. Aldolase B also demonstrates this uniqueness. Fructose-1-phosphate (F1P) is acted upon by aldolase B. This is the only enzyme that binds on F1P as its substrate. The breakdown leads to the formation of two products that are further metabolized to produce glucose, lactate and uric acid (NLM, 2011). Explain the role of aldolase B in the breakdown of fructose. Aldose B plays an essential role in the breakdown of fructose. The enzyme breaks down fructose-1-phosphate into dihydrooxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehydes (NLM, 2011). The two products enter the process of glycolisis to answer to body requirements for energy, or increased level of glucose. B. Case two Explain what would happen to the amount of energy available to a cell if the entire Cori cycle occurred and remained within that single cell (i.e., a muscle cell). In the skeletal muscles, there are few mitochondria, and yet they consume a lot of energy. This leads to depletion of oxygen and the muscles are forced to operate without oxygen. The Cori cycle is essential as it links this process with gluconeogenesis in the liver. This means that the lactate produced by the muscle cells travels through the blood into the liver

Describe rehearsal, exercise and maintenance of business continuity Essay

Describe rehearsal, exercise and maintenance of business continuity - Essay Example In the rehearsal or exercise, there are important ingredients that need to be incorporated, according to the proposed exercise checklist, to wit: (1) clarity of objective and format of the plan; (2) budgets and approvals that were obtained; (3) facilities that are specifically identified to be needed; (4) design of alternative scenarios for the exercise process; (5) proper documentation before and after the scheduled exercise; (6) actual exercise activity; (7) learning outcomes; (8) advisory to stakeholders; and (8) revisions of portions where risks have been identified (Credibility, Rehearsals, Exercising, Audits of Plans and Risk Decision-Making, 2014). Maintenance is another relevant component in terms of keeping the plan updated, in the light of new developments, resources, or participants who need to be apprised and oriented. As emphasized, â€Å"organizations, its people, and environments are continually changing† (Credibility, Rehearsals, Exercising, Audits of Plans and Risk Decision-Making, 2014, p. 12). The review process, per se, was recognized as part of the maintenance component. Benchmarking is defined as â€Å"a measurement of the quality of an organizations policies, products, programs, strategies, etc., and their comparison with standard measurements, or similar measurements of its peers. The objectives of benchmarking are (1) to determine what and where improvements are called for, (2) to analyze how other organizations achieve their high performance levels, and (3)to use this information to improve performance† (Benchmarking, 2014). Applying this measurement tool in business continuity plans, benchmarking reviews the plan’s components, structures, objectives, and processes in the light of similarities or disparities with other plans and to incorporate any component that is deemed pertinent for the current organization’s

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Biography of Charles Darwin

Biography of Charles Darwin Charles Darwin and Anthropological Criminology Abstract: This paper highlights Charles Darwin’s life and the leading to his thought of the Evolutionary theory and how through his theory came multiple others that taught us about criminals and the particular archetype that is considered criminal by their looks as well as their personalities. On February 12, 1809, Charles Darwin was born. He was born in the west of England in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. His mother Susannah died when he was eight. His father, Robert, was a wealthy doctor. He went to the University of Edinburg to study medicine and then went to Cambridge. He was taught how to stuff birds and studied theology. He even thought about becoming a clergyman. During his study of theology, he began to collect beetles and become interested in entomology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darwin joined the crew of the H.M.S. Beagle as an unpaid assistant to the captain. This gave him an opportunity to study many species in South America. This journey lasted a total of five years. He studied oysters at the Cape Verde Islands, the tropical rain forests in modern-day Salvador, saw slave maltreatment in Brazil, and climbed the mountains in Chile. They also visited Peru, the Galapagos Islands, New Zealand, and Cocos Islands. John Gould gave a speech at a Zoological Society meeting. He said that all finches are categorized the same, but have adapted differently. This idea fueled Darwin’s theory of natural selection and evolution. He was also influenced by Thomas Malthus. This influenced the idea of survival of the fittest which he alluded too, but never actually wrote. Eventually, he collected all his thoughts into his book on the On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. This book caused major protest. They were saying he was going against the Bible. The readers took one of his quotes and interpreted it differently. They blamed him for saying man evolved from apes. This statement directly goes against the Bible. Darwin was an influential part of the Enlightenment time period. The Enlightenment was a time of drastic change of politics, philosophy, science, and communication in the West. The people began to question the traditional ideas of the church. Richard Owen furthered the protest by condemning the book. Ernst Haeckel later brought the idea to Germany. Germany is where the idea of Social Darwinism began. Social Darwinism was an intellectual and social movement. It used Darwin’s ideas to explain the existing social order of society. This was a major influence in racial discrimination. This also changed the way of thinking. Before Darwin, the main belief was in God and the church. Now, many people began to question the church and conduct experiments as did Darwin. They looked at his idea of evolution. They saw that some species continuously adapted to survive while the others who didn’t became extinct. This new idea was completely different then everything coming from God.   At first, many theologians accepted his idea. The theologian said God created the world in â€Å"six days† and for the world to continue it must continuously grow. One theologian disagreed and said that Darwinism went against God. He said natural selection proposed threat to true divine teachings. Darwin never mentioned God. Therefore, his theories go against the Bible. They believe Darwin was trying to drive a wedge between religion and science. The Church condemned this book. The Churches leaders said it will lead you to atheism and immorality. Many creationists fought for equality between evolutionary science, Darwin’s theory, and creation science. Schools began to teach the evolutionary science. Creationists didn’t like this fact and to fight against it. They started to question many different parts of curriculum taught in biology. These antievolutionists would do anything to against Darwin. They created an intelligent design. This was made up of two principles. â€Å"First, within the natural world, and particularly within human beings, there are complex operations that cannot be explained through random adaptation or mutation. Second is the claim that if human beings found such complexity in other areas of human life, they would attribute it to a designer.† (Evolution and Religion) This proposal of intelligent design failed in court just as did scientific creationism. Darwinism didn’t just effect people and their faith. Degeneration was a major effect from his book. Survival of the fittest was interpreted completely differently than how he had written it. He had written it as more individualistic. He looked at human instincts, sympathies, and moral sentiments. He talked about social progress without the influence of the environment. People read this and took it to the next level. This idea caused people to believe their society was more evolved then the next. They began to cause competition between other nations. Nations continued to modernize and grow. They started to colonize since they believed the weaker nations could benefit. The idea of survival of the fittest was a major factor in the race to overseas colonies. The more colonies they obtained the more powerful and strongest nation they were. They were also helping out the lower ethnicities in modernizing and becoming stronger.   Nations began to exclude and classify people. Many disabled people also effected greatly. They were now viewed a weak. They were now no longer as accepted as everyone else. A disabled person was no looked down upon and not treated as an equal. Some scientists even began to discard Darwin’s theories due to the fact it caused racism and classism. They began to believe it wasn’t anything scientific at all. It was just another mere ideology that went against the Church’s teachings. Darwin’s theory also caused many governments to begin to switch to a laissez-faire economy. The idea of the government allowing the economy to evolve, grow, and adapt on its own was influenced by Social Darwinism. The economy will adjust on its own. The government does not need to help the poor. They are weak and should not benefit from society. They should die out and the fittest part of the population will survive. Government cutting back control allowed more of a cutthroat economy. Many people were willing to do whatever it takes to get ahead. This caused some chaos and harmful situations in the economy. Darwin’s ideas caused a lot of domino effects. He wrote his book about finches and ended up causing racism and classism. His idea of natural selection caused major issues with the Church. Evolution allowed many different scientists to try new experiments. Nations began to grow and stir up nationalism and colonization. Many colonies grew and were modernized. New classes in society were created. New government tactics were used. Darwin had just as many supports as he did rejecting him. Darwin’s book stirred up many different ideas and viewpoints that changed society as a whole forever. Upon his death, a new theory came into play and many people began to follow it. These people called themselves Darwinists and they believed that human beings were occasionally reverted, both physically and mentally to a pre human stage of development. This person was referred to as an atavistic criminal type. The focus on this certain archetype was to identify the type of criminal who should be put into prison permanently in order to protect society, even if that particular crime committed was a minor offense. On the other side, if someone who was not an atavistic type, it was considered to be a mistake, and therefore, imprisonment would serve no purpose to the non-atavistic person. Darwinian criminologists had the belief that the punishment must fit the criminal and not the crime. At the time, criminologists all agreed on this theory to explain criminals and crime and as a result, public opinion and official policy makers interest peaked. The criminal physical type is still a part of our world today even though the theory of atavists as a causative factor in criminals has ceased to exist. Darwin had a huge impact on the theory of anthropological criminology also referred to as criminal anthropology, which is a combination of the study of humans and criminals. His evolutionary theory shapes the world we live in today and explains the evolution of criminals thought processes as well as all the theories covered in criminology. Social Darwinism explains how characteristics which are observable were inheritable and explains how a trait may appear in one generation and not the next. The theory, brought out by Cesare Lombroso started with the experimentation of performing autopsies on criminals and declaring he had found similarities between physiologies of their bodies. He thought that criminals were born with inferior detectible physiological differences. They involved receding foreheads, similar height, and shape and size. He outlined fourteen characteristics that were similar amongst these people. Some of the features were that they were unusually tall or short, small head, large face, thin upper lips, bumps on the head, tattoos, bushy eyebrows, large eye sockets, among other characteristics. The term criminal anthropology was coined by Lombroso. His main purpose was to locate the crime within the person and remove it completely from their surroundings. He is known as the founder of the Positivist school of criminology, one of the many criminological theories. It is a field of offender profiling, which is still used today, based on the perceived links between a crime’s nature and the personality or appearance of the offender. The term criminal anthropology was coined by Lombroso in the late 19th Century. All these advancements in criminology all stem from Charles Darwin, father of the evolutionary theory. He is the reason for all the criminological theories, as well as the notoriety of Cesare Lombroso. If it weren’t for his evolutionary theory, the advancements we have in criminal profiling, and theories like the Classical theory and Broken Windows theory would not be here today. Charles Darwin played a huge part in the creation of criminology and continues to do so. If it weren’t for Darwin, we would not be as advanced as we are today in the criminal justice system. References Cornfield, Justin. â€Å"Darwin, Charles†. Encyclopedia of World History, Vol. 4. New York: Facts on File, 2013. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http://online.infobase.com/Article/Details/245437?q=Charles DarwinQueen, Edward L., and Gardiner H. Shattuck. â€Å"Evolution and Religion.† Encyclopedia of American Religious History, Third Edition, 3-Volume Set. New York: Facts on File, 2009. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http://online.infobase.com/Article/Details/194376?q=Darwinism impactStoskopf, Alan. â€Å"Social Darwinism†. Encyclopedia of American Disability History, 3-Volume Set. New York: Facts on File, 2011. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http://online.infobase.com/Article/Details/209404?q=Social Darwinism

Loss of Vioxx Leads to Increased Pain For Arthritis Sufferers :: Interviews Prescription Drugs Papers

Loss of Vioxx Leads to Increased Pain For Arthritis Sufferers The consequences of Kevin Swearingen’s two-story fall in 1988 were more diverse and long term than expected. The 41-year-old construction worker sustained a spinal injury that left him with arthritis on the inside of his spinal column causing him pain, frustration, and depression. â€Å"After I recovered [from the fall] I had to keep working, but at a much lower pay scale since going back to construction work was impossible,† Swearingen said. Dealing with the pain, inability to work and play with his kids, he fell into a depression. â€Å"I was an emotional mess. I was drinking to kill the pain and I was contemplating suicide,† he said. It wasn’t until Swearingen began taking Vioxx that things began to look up. â€Å"It gave me much of my life back. I could play with the kids on better pain days and it greatly reduced the pain on the bad days.† Vioxx is a Cox-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that cuts down on pain, stiffness and swelling by reducing the production of prostaglandins which help the brain read messages of pain from the body. Other popular cox-2 inhibitors include Celebrex and Bextra. â€Å"Vioxx and Celebrex were developed for those who had stomach problems like ulcers and bleeding,† Dr. Bukowski from Boston’s Brigham and Women’s hospital said. Swearingen having suffered an ulcer at age twelve was put on Vioxx after being diagnosed with Osteoarthritis at age 26. Merck, the drug manufacturer, took Vioxx off the market last September after studies revealed the drug caused complications of heart problems in users. When taken off the market, some 80 million patients who have used it were affected. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, it was the â€Å"largest prescription-drug withdrawal in history.† Many arthritis sufferers such as Swearingen were distressed with Merck’s decision. The trial revealing heart risks associated with Vioxx was conducted by an independent data safety monitoring board (DSMB). The Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROV) trial revealed that Vioxx did in fact pose heart risks. 3.5 percent of the 2600 patients using the Vioxx had suffered myocardial infractions or strokes compared to the 1.9 percent who took a placebo pill. The trial’s goal was not to test Vioxx’s safety, but rather to test it’s effectiveness in preventing colorectal polyps in patients with a history of colorectal adenomas. The trial was stopped prematurely once these statistics were discovered.