Vinland Sagas - Viking Colonization of North America

The Vinland Sagas are four medieval Viking manuscripts that report (among other things) the stories of the Norse colonization of Iceland, Greenland and North America. These stories speak of Thorvald Arvaldson, credited with the Norse discovery of Iceland; Thorvalds son Eirik the Red for Greenland, and Eiriks son Leif (the Lucky) Eiriksson for Baffin Island and North America. But Are the Sagas Accurate? Like any historical document, even those known to be authentic, the sagas are not necessarily factual. Some of them were written hundreds of years after the events; some of the stories were woven together into legends; some of the stories were written for political uses of the day or to highlight heroic events and downplay (or omit) not-so-heroic events. For example, the sagas describe the end of the colony on Greenland as having been the result of European piracy and ongoing battles between the Vikings and the Inuit occupants, called by the Vikings Skraelings. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Greenlanders also faced starvation and deteriorating climate, which is not reported in the sagas. For a long time, scholars dismissed the sagas as literary fabrications. But others such as Gisli Sigurdsson, have revisited the manuscripts to find a historical core that can be tied to Viking explorations of the 10th and 11th centuries. The written-down version of the stories are the result of centuries of oral traditions, during which the story may have been conflated with other heroic legends. But, there is, after all, accumulated archaeological evidence for Norse occupations in Greenland, Iceland, and the North American continent. Vinland Saga Discrepancies There are also discrepancies between the various manuscripts. Two major documents—the Greenlanders Saga and Eirik the Reds Saga—give differing roles to Leif and the merchant Thorfinn Karlsefni. In the Greenlanders Saga, lands southwest of Greenland are said to have been discovered accidentally by Bjarni Herjolfsson. Leif Eriksson was the chieftain of the Norse on Greenland, and Leif is given credit for exploring the lands of Helluland (probably Baffin Island), Markland (Treeland, likely the heavily wooded Labrador coast) and Vinland (probably what is southeasternern Canada); Thorfinn has a minor role. In Eirik the Reds Saga, Leifs role is downplayed. He is dismissed as the accidental discoverer of Vinland; and the explorer/leadership role is given to Thorfinn. Eirik the Reds Saga was written in the 13th century when one of Thorfinns descendants was being canonized; it may be, say some historians, propaganda by this mans supporters to inflate his ancestors role in the momentous discoveries. Historians have a fine time decoding such documents. Viking Sagas about Vinland About the Book of the Icelanders (à slendingabà ³k), written between 1122 and 1133 (Smithsonian)Text of the Icelandic Sagas (NorthVegr)Text of Eirik the Reds Saga, written about 1265 (Medieval History, About.com)About the Saga of the Greenlanders, compiled ~13th century (Smithsonian) Arnold, Martin. 2006. Atlantic Explorations and Settlements, pp. 192-214 in The Vikings, Culture and Conquest. Hambledon Continuum, London. Wallace, Birgitta L. 2003. L’Anse aux Meadows and Vinland: An Abandoned Experiment. Pp. 207-238 in Contact, Continuity, and Collapse: The Norse Colonization of the North Atlantic, edited by James H. Barrett. Brepols Publishers: Trunhout, Belgium. Sources and Further information The woodcut on this page is not from the Vinland sagas, but from another Viking saga, Erik Bloodaxes Saga. It shows Erik Bloodaxes widow Gunnhild Gormsdà ³ttir inciting her sons to take possession of Norway; and it was published in Snorre Sturlassonss Heimskringla in 1235. About.coms Guide to the Viking AgeHofstaà °ir, Viking settlement on IcelandGardur, Viking estate in GreenlandLAnse aux Meadows, Viking settlement in Canada Arnold, Martin. 2006. Atlantic Explorations and Settlements, pp. 192-214 in The Vikings, Culture and Conquest. Hambledon Continuum, London. Wallace, Birgitta L. 2003. L’Anse aux Meadows and Vinland: An Abandoned Experiment. Pp. 207-238 in Contact, Continuity, and Collapse: The Norse Colonization of the North Atlantic, edited by James H. Barrett. Brepols Publishers: Trunhout, Belgium.

A Farewell to Arms Essay Inevitability of Death Revealed

Inevitability of Death Revealed in A Farewell To Arms Ernest Hemingway has been greatly criticized for a supposed hatred of women that some feel is evident in his writings. One of the primary books that critics believe shows this misogynistic attitude is A Farewell To Arms. It is counterproductive to interpret the book using such a narrow focus because the author is dealing with much more profound themes. Hemingway is not concerned with the theme of gender equality, but rather with the greater themes of the inherent struggle of life and the inevitability of death. The first images of struggle and death are seen in chapter 9 when Frederic is wounded. Up to this point in the story Hemingway had portrayed a very serene,†¦show more content†¦They do not grow wise. They grow careful.(261). Hemingway seems to use the character of the Count for several purposes. The Count is a man on the cusp of death. He shows that though the body may get old and die, the spirit still lives on strong. Yet he also refutes the notion that age is wisdom. The Count is just another example of a man dealing with death, he also seems to be a vision of what Frederic will become in the future. Having left the war behind, Frederic is finally ready for peace and quiet. Hemingway, however, has other plans for his character. Catherine dies during childbirth, as does the baby. Thus, Frederic is confronted again with death. This time, however, he is unable to detach himself emotionally as he did with the deaths he witnessed in war. His neat and happy world is collapsing and there is nothing that he can do about it. The theme of the book is that all humans struggle in life and eventually die. Frederic tries to cheat this. He tries to live in a romantic world with his love, where they will never feel pain. He wants to drink all day, make love all night, and fish in the meantime. His utopia is taken away when the war hits close to home yet he does his best to remain detached. He tries once more to retreat into a romantic world with Catherine in Switzerland. Yet once again he is confronted with death. Hemingway is showing that man cannot escape his destiny. He is also showing theShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesSilverman, D. (1970) The Theory of Organizations, London: Heinemann. Stern, R.N. and Barley S.R. (1996) ‘Organizations and social systems: Organization theory’s neglected mandate’, Administrative Science Quarterly 41(1):146–163. Schwandt, T.A. (1996) ‘Farewell to criteriology’, Qualitative Inquiry 2(1):58–72. T ranfield, D. and Starkey, D. (1998) ‘The nature, social organization and promotion of management research: Towards a policy’, British Journal of Management 9:341–353. Thomas A. (1997) ‘The coming

Concepts in Brave New World Free Essays

10/11/12 Journal Entry #5: HTRLLAP Concepts The concept of â€Å"vampires† is present in Brave New World because the men and women don’t respect each other in the area of romance. Men like Henry Foster just use girls like Lenina for sex. But having sex with multiple people is socially accepted in the World State. We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts in Brave New World or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Brave New World, symbolic vampirism is used because the men and women use each other to get what they want which is sex. They do not care about what the other person wants. An example is Lenina trying to seduce John, when he makes it clear he does not just want to have sex with her. John is the opposite of the men from the World State because when he was thinking about how pretty she was he told himself that it was a â€Å"destestable thought† (145). Acts of Communion, was shown in Lord of the Flies when the boys were having a feast after Jack had killed the pig. This was a failed meal because towards the end Simon gives his piece of meat to Piggy who asked for some, but Jack denied saying he didn’t hunt. Piggy replies with, â€Å"no more did Ralph, nor Simon† (74) and Simon, being the inherently good person, gives Piggy his piece of meat. The meal is a failure because Jack becomes furious over Simon’s actions. At the end, Ralph becomes â€Å"envious and resentful† (75) which shows that he is upset with how the boys are acting and later in the book, hunting becomes a negative thing because the boys end up killing Simon, mistaking him for the beast. The Bible is used in Lord of the Flies to describe Simon and Roger. Simon was the Christ figure throughout the book. He helped Ralph build the shelters when the other boys were off playing, he gave Piggy his food when Piggy asks about having a piece of meat and he is killed like a martyr. He is murdered by the boys and he is the first boy to die at the hands of the others. Simon was carried away by the ocean and the description of how he was carried away portrayed him as an angel. The snake of the Garden of Eden was represented by Roger. Roger was always quiet and in the background. He threw rocks at the young boys, purely for fun and he was the boy who pushed the rock that killed Piggy and shattered the conch shell. The concept of â€Å"It’s All About Sex†¦Except Sex† is shown in Brave New World because Huxley uses sex as a way to show the character’s desires to have power over another person. Because all of the Alpha’s are equal, they want to feel somewhat above the other person. Sex throughout the story is also used by the women as a sense of freedom. They can be with any man and people do not make any judgment of them. Sex is also used as a release and freedom for the people. They take the soma and then the characters don’t have a care in the world and do whatever they please because of the effects of the soma. How to cite Concepts in Brave New World, Essay examples Concepts in Brave New World Free Essays 10/11/12 Journal Entry #5: HTRLLAP Concepts The concept of â€Å"vampires† is present in Brave New World because the men and women don’t respect each other in the area of romance. Men like Henry Foster just use girls like Lenina for sex. But having sex with multiple people is socially accepted in the World State. We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts in Brave New World or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Brave New World, symbolic vampirism is used because the men and women use each other to get what they want which is sex. They do not care about what the other person wants. An example is Lenina trying to seduce John, when he makes it clear he does not just want to have sex with her. John is the opposite of the men from the World State because when he was thinking about how pretty she was he told himself that it was a â€Å"destestable thought† (145). Acts of Communion, was shown in Lord of the Flies when the boys were having a feast after Jack had killed the pig. This was a failed meal because towards the end Simon gives his piece of meat to Piggy who asked for some, but Jack denied saying he didn’t hunt. Piggy replies with, â€Å"no more did Ralph, nor Simon† (74) and Simon, being the inherently good person, gives Piggy his piece of meat. The meal is a failure because Jack becomes furious over Simon’s actions. At the end, Ralph becomes â€Å"envious and resentful† (75) which shows that he is upset with how the boys are acting and later in the book, hunting becomes a negative thing because the boys end up killing Simon, mistaking him for the beast. The Bible is used in Lord of the Flies to describe Simon and Roger. Simon was the Christ figure throughout the book. He helped Ralph build the shelters when the other boys were off playing, he gave Piggy his food when Piggy asks about having a piece of meat and he is killed like a martyr. He is murdered by the boys and he is the first boy to die at the hands of the others. Simon was carried away by the ocean and the description of how he was carried away portrayed him as an angel. The snake of the Garden of Eden was represented by Roger. Roger was always quiet and in the background. He threw rocks at the young boys, purely for fun and he was the boy who pushed the rock that killed Piggy and shattered the conch shell. The concept of â€Å"It’s All About Sex†¦Except Sex† is shown in Brave New World because Huxley uses sex as a way to show the character’s desires to have power over another person. Because all of the Alpha’s are equal, they want to feel somewhat above the other person. Sex throughout the story is also used by the women as a sense of freedom. They can be with any man and people do not make any judgment of them. Sex is also used as a release and freedom for the people. They take the soma and then the characters don’t have a care in the world and do whatever they please because of the effects of the soma. How to cite Concepts in Brave New World, Papers

Building Character Through Personal Responsibility free essay sample

I determined The Nature, Advantages and Limits of Personal Responsibility In Pursuit of a Wellness Lifestyle Ardell Wellness Report to be a reliable and relevant source after I researched the title of the periodical and the author’s name, Donald B. Ardell, Ph. D. in a couple of search engines like Google and Bing. The search engines mention his extensive book writing along with periodicals and essays published by several publishers since 1984. Mr. Ardell has been a member of the National Wellness Institute. He has won numerous national and world competitions. In July 2011, he was recognized with one of the highest honors in health promotion and wellness fields. I believe the author has an unbiased opinion on personal responsibility. From the information on line and a few of his periodicals I have read, Mr. Ardell seems to have an open mind on multiple topics. Although, I did not thoroughly read each of his periodicals, his thoughts were not read (in my opinion) to be judgmental. He is a motivational speaker who involves himself, inspires others, and has the ability to sway an audience to think outside the box when it comes to personal responsibility, their behaviors, and attitudes in their quest to have a better lifestyle when consequences of actions and a conscious thought process are considered before making a decision which may hurt you or those around you. I feel the information obtained may strengthen or may weaken my essay because Mr. Ardell’s periodical does not fully address character building. The periodical addresses more of the medical and health care issues of responsibility. Mr. Ardell lightly touches the subject of personal responsibility in the essence of making wise choices in life and his thoughts regarding a conscious and unconscious state of mind when deciding between doing what is right or taking the easy way of doing wrong which, I do concur with. Who really benefits from jeopardizing integrity, moral, and humility? In his article, he mentions something about emotions, genes, and drives and I suppose I can further interconnect my essay with these elements so I believe Mr. Ardell’s periodical does address similar strong points of view within my essay. Personal responsibility in my opinion is part of one’s character. I believe it is first instilled by your parents, taught by schoolteachers, and learned through life experiences as people grow from childhood to becoming an adult. Taking responsibility of your actions and accepting consequences of those actions builds integrity. The ability to step forward without hesitations to address you have made a mistake makes a statement about you as a person. On the other hand, a person can look at personal responsibility from a different angle; spiritually, family and career. The strongest reasons supporting my opinion are family values, which were instilled by my grandmother. Another strong reason supporting my opinion is the respect given and received by those influenced or surrounded by you. A person displays integrity, responsibility, reliability and character because an individual can admit when he or she are wrong, learn from it and accept constructive criticism. People will either positively embrace what is being presented and improve or have a negative reaction, which will reflect, in all areas of their life. The relationship between personal responsibility and college success are parallel in respect to time management and prioritization. Properly managing your time to read and review class materials along with completing required assignment takes dedication and the drive to succeed. In addition to time management, one must prioritize daily routines through organization. Self-discipline is essential, too by rescheduling events, shifting task responsibility, or eliminating obstacles to accomplish these goals. Having a support system relieves anxieties and stresses in life which stem from the unknowing or feelings of being overwhelmed; questioning if you are capable of accomplishing the ultimate goal, graduating with a degree. My preliminary plan to practice personal responsibility in my education is not quite clear. I strongly believe I will make a conscientious effort to complete all assignments on time, ask questions when I do not understand, maintain a balance between family, work and school, and take one day for myself to relax; to breathe, see it through by staying focused, maintain a ositive attitude that I can and will succeed because I have taken the first step to better my future for myself, family and my career. My defined reflective personal ethical viewpoint regarding the Ethical Lens Inventory is the â€Å"Rights and Responsibility Lens†. With that being perceived from the questionnaire taken, I do agree with the findings of this lens. I had to read, consider and proce ss then re-read the overall results when I first received it. I was taken aback by the results because I could not believe this ethics game actually conveyed me; pinpointed to the core of who I know and believe I truly am as a person. Considering the results of my lens, I am proud being me and the person I have been sculpted as an adult. Most people do not know how to accept me because I do speak my mind; good, bad or indifferent. I tend not to sugarcoat the truth when asked my opinion nor will I side with an opinion I disagree with. I have my own thoughts and beliefs, which makes me unique in my own sense of worth. Is this considered a strength or weakness? I can honestly say it straddles the fence. Meaning, my character and ethics are sometimes questioned by those who feel choices and decisions I stand firm by do not sway to their logic. In my opinion, my values and beliefs are strong. I do not apologize for maintaining the values, moral ethics, and integrity instilled in me. On the other side of it, there are those who appreciate my character and welcome it. It gives them a voice when they are afraid to use their own. Determining a course of action would depend on a case-by-case situation. I cannot answer how I may use my personal ethics to decide a course of action without a specific scenario. My course of action may not be agreeable to all parties involved because I believe in doing the hard right over an easy wrong. The blind spot to all of this for me is the bottom line. Do I submit to what society believes is the right way as a whole; go along with the majority or do I continue with the belief that everyone is entitled to their own opinion? I accept the option agree to disagree. At the same token, I am receptive to suggestions, approaching from different avenues, and keeping an open-mind to ideas, I am not solely convinced. This is me; either accept it or decline it. Your choice and everyone has one.

Food Procurement Essay Example Essay Example

Food Procurement Essay Example Paper Food Procurement Essay Introduction Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ is the Philippine’s fastest turning barbecue fast nutrient concatenation. functioning poulet. porc barbecue and other Filipino favourites. was foremost established on December 12. 2003 in Iloilo City. Presently. there were 445 subdivisions countrywide and with over 10. 000 employees system broad. Mang Inasal is making its portion in relieving the unemployment load of the state. The presence of every Mang Inasal in a certain country provides non merely employment but besides opportunities to community members including providers of kalamansi. wood coal. banana leaves. veggies. bamboo sticks. and other ingredients. It besides indirectly gives income-generating activities to many. In maintaining with the mission to systematically supply its clients a great Pinoy dining experience. Mang Inasal. the Philippines’ fastest turning barbeque fast nutrient concatenation subdivisions out once more. this clip in Turbina. Calamba. Laguna adding to its more tha n 300 subdivisions countrywide. Marco Sison and Nonoy Zuniga graced the gap last Nov. 19. The Brothers Band provided the amusement and endorse up. First established in Iloilo City on December 12. 2003 by Edgar â€Å"Injap† Sia functioning grilled poulet. porc barbeque and other Filipino favourites. Mang Inasal Turbina in Calamba is a franchise owned by Ikemada Resources. Inc. . a keeping company. which aims to hold ownership of different outlets/branches in the nutrient industry. Ikemada’s pick of Turbina in Calamba as the following site for Mang Inasal is its strategic location which is between the two coach terminuss ferrying riders from Manila to the southern states of Quezon. Batangas. Bicol and Mindoro. Turbina is merely 30-minutes’ thrust from Makati. This is besides in line with Mang Inasal’s vision to be the preferable speedy service eating house of every Pinoy everyplace. Food Procurement Essay Body Paragraphs Mang Inasal enterprises to adhere to elements that bear a clearly Pinoy stamp-grilling with wood coal. rice wrapped in banana foliages. marinade concocted out of local spices and herbs. bamboo sticks for skewers. and the atmosphere that encourages kinamot ( the Ilonggo term in eating with the custodies ) whenever poulet inasal is served. All these evoke a haste of nostalgia for tradition. civilization. and most of all. place. Grilled poulet isn’t the lone menu that Mang Inasal offers. They have Sisig. Grilled Pork. Bangus. Chicken Feet. Wingss. Pecho. Liver and Baticulon. Fish and Pork Sinigang. Batchoy. Bihon. Pancit Molo. Pinoy Burger. Pinoy Mirienda. Pinoy Panamis. Pinoy Pampagana. and more. Mang Inasal’s Vision is to be the preferable speedy service eating house of every pinoy everyplace. Their mission is to systematically supply their clients a great pinoy dining experience. Aims of the Study -To find the buying and telling processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To place the receiving processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To find the storage processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To place the stock list processs of Mang Inasal. Petron Turbina. -To know the sanitation processs of Mang Inasal. PetronTurbina. Significance of the Study This survey of the nutrient procurance in Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ including The existent nutrient buying. receiving. hive awaying. stock list and issue processs will function as a mention to the pupils researching and analyzing approximately nutrient procurance of a nutrient constitution. This will besides function as a usher for other constitutions if they are following the right processs in nutrient procurance. This survey will assist inform the consumers if this nutrient constitution is safe to eat from. Last. the survey will assist other hereafter research workers if the traditional manner of these activities were still practiced today. Methodology Research Locale Mang Inasal chicken BBQ Corporate Off ice ( Head Office ) is placed 2316 Aurora Boulevard. Tramo St. . Pasay City. Mang Inasal is runing at the following countries: Bacolod. Iloilo. Roxas. Laguna. Bicutan. Metro Manila. Davao. Cagayan De Oro. Koronadal. Cavite. Cebu. Boracay. Baguio. Pangasinan. Tuguegarao. La Union. Pampanga. Bulacan. Mindoro. Agusan. Zamboanga. Ozamiz. Iligan. Surigao. General Santos. Pagadian. Batangas. Lucena. Naga City. Davao del Norte. Davao del Sur. Tagaytay. Palawan. Tacloban. Ilocos Sur and Tarlac. Mang Inasal is aiming to open 500 shops by 2012. The research workers focused on Mang Inasal Chicken BBQ located near PETRON ( Gasoline Station ) in Turbina. Calamba City. Laguna which was opened last November 19. 2011 and the gap was graced by Nonoy Zuniga and Marco Sison. This franchise subdivision is owned by Ikemada Resources Inc. . a keeping company. Research Design The descriptive method of research was used for this survey. To specify the descriptive type of research. Creswell ( 1994 ) stated that the descriptive method of research is to garner information about the present bing status. The accent is on depicting instead than on judgment or interpretation. The purpose of descriptive research is to verify formulated hypotheses that refer to the present state of affairs in order to clarify it. The descriptive attack is speedy and practical in footings of the fiscal facet. Furthermore. this method allows a flexible attack. therefore when of import new issues and inquiries arise during the continuance of the survey. farther probe may be conducted. The research worker opted to incorporate the qualitative attack in this survey due to its important advantages. The usage of qualitative informations assemblage method is advantageous as they are more unfastened to alterations and polish of research thoughts as the survey progresses ; this implies that qualitative informations assemblage tools are extremely flexible. Furthermore. no use of the research scene is necessary with this method ; instead than employ assorted research controls such as in experimental attacks. the qualitative informations assemblage methods are merely centered on understanding the happening phenomena in their of course happening provinces. Aside from these advantages. research workers use qualitative data-gathering tools as some old research workers believe that qualitative informations are peculiarly attractive as they provide rich and reasoned descriptions and accounts every bit good as unanticipated findings for new theory building. One of the noteworthy strengths of the qualitative instruments is that they evoke a more realistic feeling of the research puting which can non be obtained from statistical analysis and numerical informations utilized through quantitative agencies. These informations aggregation methods allow flexibleness in carry oning informations assemblage. research analysis and reading of collected information. In add-on. qualitative method allows the presentation of the phenomenon being investigated in a more holistic position. Research Instruments a. Interview An interview can be undertaken to roll up informations. there are two types of interviews and they include face to confront interview and telephone interview. a face to confront interview will affect aggregation of informations whereby the respondent and research decision maker sit together. a telephone interview on the other manus will affect naming the respondent and replies obtained over the phone. a face to confront interview is considered more expensive given that the research decision maker may be required to go and besides this procedure may be clip devouring. ( Fowler. 2008 ) Interview are farther subdivided into structured and unstructured interview. structured interview involves puting up a set of inquiries that will be administered while unstructured involve inquiring the respondent to lucubrate on certain issues. ( Fowler. 2008 ) B. Observation Observation is another metho d of roll uping informations. this method involves detecting participants and entering informations. for illustration roll uping informations on the figure of vehicles that use a certain main road will affect the observation method of roll uping informations. ( Fowler. 2008 ) c. Analyzing paperss This is secondary informations aggregation method that involves roll uping informations from published paperss illustration diaries and a book. other beginnings include on-line databases which are comparatively inexpensive methods of obtaining informations. this method is preferred given that it is less clip consuming and besides less dearly-won. This method nevertheless have a disadvantage given that it may given lift to accuracy jobs. informations truth will depend on the intent of the informations collected and that there may lift job when information may unavailable and therefore a research worker will be required to utilize primary beginnings of informations which include interview and questionnaires. ( Fowler. 2008 ) When planing the research informations aggregation methods it is of import that the research worker takes into consideration the answering attitude. informations aggregation methods such as questionnaires should be designed taking into consideration the reaction of the respondents when a certain inquiry is directed to them. besides the research inquiries should be clear and simple and should non be taking inquiries. The other factor that should be taken into consideration is the cost. when choosing the information aggregation method one should take into consideration the cost associated with that method and whether there exist ways to cut down such costs. face to confront interview sometimes may be dearly-won and clip consuming and therefore questionnaires that are comparatively inexpensive may be preferred. besides the questionnaires may be more appropriate given that they are less clip devouring given that a batch of informations can be collected at one time. for illustration a survey that involves participants from different parts and the respondent sends the questionnaires to the respondents. ( Fowler. 2008 ) Data Gathering Procedures The research workers used interview and guide inquiries to garner the needful information. ( See Appendix A ) Cardinal Informants The research workers interviewed Mr. Jayson Pizarra. the former director of Mang Inasal – Turbina. and Ms. Mary Ann Papio. the present director. The research workers have undergone two interviews with each director. The first interview was done with the former director. Mr. Pizarra. in January 2012. The 2nd interview was done with the present director. Ms. Papio last March 12. 2012 at Mang Inasal – Turbina. The research workers wished to talk with their buying agent to garner the right information because nutrient procurance is handled largely by the buying forces of a nutrient constitution ; unluckily. Mang Inasal doesn’t have buying forces. T he directors and helper directors act as the buying forces and manage the nutrient procurance of their constitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Procurement Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Food Procurement Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Food Procurement Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Computer Security and Why It Is So Important essays

Computer Security and Why It Is So Important essays Although it is never possible to fully prevent the unauthorized use of information from people with security clearances and access, the use of security clearance and access is important to ensure that people without security clearance cannot access the confidential information. In other words, the concept of `absolute security' is a chimera. It is the nature of security that makes it necessary to weigh up the threats, the risks, the harm arising, and the cost of safeguards (Bach, 1986). A balance must be found between predictable costs and uncertain benefits, in order to select a set of measures appropriate to the need. In most of the cases, the risks of security clearance involve on the personal integrity, trustworthiness, and honesty than the information systems (IS) security measures. Even if IS security measures are handled to monitor and control all of the keystrokes of the computers, there are instances of unauthorized information because of personal negligence, such as one may leave inadvertently classified material left unattended. Also, computer diskettes, CDs, carbon paper, and used typewriter ribbons may pose a problem when doing a security check, as a visual examination of these items does not tell whether the items contain classified information Although to prevent the unauthorized use of information, information can be disaggregated at several locations, without providing networks communications between these locations. However, this kind of measure is neither cost-effective nor productive, because where people are trustworthy and they need such information for authorized uses will have access to such information in bits and pieces from several locations. It would not only create time delay in accessing all of the needed information, but it would create much difficulty in putting all of the information in order. However, when data are in a datab...

Case study on Biochemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study on Biochemistry - Essay Example When the cycle is incomplete, and the product is not formed, the function of the organism cannot properly take place. Without enzymes, the reactions needed for biological processes of the body would take at a slower rate or fail to take place. This is detrimental to the well-being of the organism involved. One of the most important enzymatic actions is the breakdown of fructose. This is a simple sugar found in some of foods such as fruit and honey. This is essential as it plays an immense role in supply of energy for the body. However, fructose is not a direct source of energy, but enzymes are required to breakdown fructose into a reliable energy. After eating, catabolism of fructose takes place through fructolysis. The process begins with the enzyme fructokinase and produces fructose 1-phosphate as a product. The second step is enhanced by aldose. This enzyme breaks down fructose 1-phosphate into two products: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehydes. The products enter the process of glycolysis to ensure the body gets its energy requirement and extra glucose. The absence of enzymes necessary for the breakdown of fructose leads to poor response of the body with repeated ingestion of foods containing fructose (NLM, 2011). Explain how a deficiency in aldolase B can be responsible for hereditary fructose intolerance. Aldolase B plays a significant role in the breakdown of fructose. The absence of the enzyme leads to accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate in the liver cells (NLM, 2011). The accumulation of this substance is toxic, and overtime leads to the death of liver cells (Breakspear Medical Group Ltd, n.d.). Additionally, fructose-1-phosphate fails to release the phosphate group required for repeated ATP production and control of stored sugar (NLM, 2011). Several defects arise due to death of liver cells and low number of phosphate groups. They include hypoglycemia, liver abnormalities, and other forms of hereditary fructose intolerance (NLM, 2011 ). Provide clearly labeled diagrams to demonstrate: Diagram lock and key models of enzymatic activity. Diagram showing how enzymes function as a lock and key. Diagram the effect of enzymes on activation energy. Discuss the specific substrate acted on by aldolase B. Enzymes are usually specific in nature. They only act to a unique substrate. Aldolase B also demonstrates this uniqueness. Fructose-1-phosphate (F1P) is acted upon by aldolase B. This is the only enzyme that binds on F1P as its substrate. The breakdown leads to the formation of two products that are further metabolized to produce glucose, lactate and uric acid (NLM, 2011). Explain the role of aldolase B in the breakdown of fructose. Aldose B plays an essential role in the breakdown of fructose. The enzyme breaks down fructose-1-phosphate into dihydrooxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehydes (NLM, 2011). The two products enter the process of glycolisis to answer to body requirements for energy, or increased level of glucose. B. Case two Explain what would happen to the amount of energy available to a cell if the entire Cori cycle occurred and remained within that single cell (i.e., a muscle cell). In the skeletal muscles, there are few mitochondria, and yet they consume a lot of energy. This leads to depletion of oxygen and the muscles are forced to operate without oxygen. The Cori cycle is essential as it links this process with gluconeogenesis in the liver. This means that the lactate produced by the muscle cells travels through the blood into the liver

Describe rehearsal, exercise and maintenance of business continuity Essay

Describe rehearsal, exercise and maintenance of business continuity - Essay Example In the rehearsal or exercise, there are important ingredients that need to be incorporated, according to the proposed exercise checklist, to wit: (1) clarity of objective and format of the plan; (2) budgets and approvals that were obtained; (3) facilities that are specifically identified to be needed; (4) design of alternative scenarios for the exercise process; (5) proper documentation before and after the scheduled exercise; (6) actual exercise activity; (7) learning outcomes; (8) advisory to stakeholders; and (8) revisions of portions where risks have been identified (Credibility, Rehearsals, Exercising, Audits of Plans and Risk Decision-Making, 2014). Maintenance is another relevant component in terms of keeping the plan updated, in the light of new developments, resources, or participants who need to be apprised and oriented. As emphasized, â€Å"organizations, its people, and environments are continually changing† (Credibility, Rehearsals, Exercising, Audits of Plans and Risk Decision-Making, 2014, p. 12). The review process, per se, was recognized as part of the maintenance component. Benchmarking is defined as â€Å"a measurement of the quality of an organizations policies, products, programs, strategies, etc., and their comparison with standard measurements, or similar measurements of its peers. The objectives of benchmarking are (1) to determine what and where improvements are called for, (2) to analyze how other organizations achieve their high performance levels, and (3)to use this information to improve performance† (Benchmarking, 2014). Applying this measurement tool in business continuity plans, benchmarking reviews the plan’s components, structures, objectives, and processes in the light of similarities or disparities with other plans and to incorporate any component that is deemed pertinent for the current organization’s

Physical Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physical Exercise - Essay Example Today, man is slowly realising the importance of good health, hygiene and fitness, due to the absence of which, his life has been plagued by ill-health! Physical activity can take numerous forms, depending on the aim. Simple forms of exercise include healthy breathing exercises, walking, jogging, bending and stretching. However, when one take on the aim to conquer one's overweight body or to attain higher levels of fitness, one takes the decision to take professional guidance, by joining institutes or gyms, where higher forms of exercise like lifting weights, cardio exercises, muscle-building, etc. is taught. Thus, exercises range over a great variety and it depends on the lifestyle, aim and interest-levels of an individual, in terms of the exercises he can adopt in his day-to-day activities. However, some form of exercise and physical activity is mandatory to lead a healthy life! On contacting professionals for help in helping attain greater levels of fitness and health, they often reassure our apprehensions by saying, "You are not alone"! It

Biography of Charles Darwin

Biography of Charles Darwin Charles Darwin and Anthropological Criminology Abstract: This paper highlights Charles Darwin’s life and the leading to his thought of the Evolutionary theory and how through his theory came multiple others that taught us about criminals and the particular archetype that is considered criminal by their looks as well as their personalities. On February 12, 1809, Charles Darwin was born. He was born in the west of England in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. His mother Susannah died when he was eight. His father, Robert, was a wealthy doctor. He went to the University of Edinburg to study medicine and then went to Cambridge. He was taught how to stuff birds and studied theology. He even thought about becoming a clergyman. During his study of theology, he began to collect beetles and become interested in entomology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Darwin joined the crew of the H.M.S. Beagle as an unpaid assistant to the captain. This gave him an opportunity to study many species in South America. This journey lasted a total of five years. He studied oysters at the Cape Verde Islands, the tropical rain forests in modern-day Salvador, saw slave maltreatment in Brazil, and climbed the mountains in Chile. They also visited Peru, the Galapagos Islands, New Zealand, and Cocos Islands. John Gould gave a speech at a Zoological Society meeting. He said that all finches are categorized the same, but have adapted differently. This idea fueled Darwin’s theory of natural selection and evolution. He was also influenced by Thomas Malthus. This influenced the idea of survival of the fittest which he alluded too, but never actually wrote. Eventually, he collected all his thoughts into his book on the On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. This book caused major protest. They were saying he was going against the Bible. The readers took one of his quotes and interpreted it differently. They blamed him for saying man evolved from apes. This statement directly goes against the Bible. Darwin was an influential part of the Enlightenment time period. The Enlightenment was a time of drastic change of politics, philosophy, science, and communication in the West. The people began to question the traditional ideas of the church. Richard Owen furthered the protest by condemning the book. Ernst Haeckel later brought the idea to Germany. Germany is where the idea of Social Darwinism began. Social Darwinism was an intellectual and social movement. It used Darwin’s ideas to explain the existing social order of society. This was a major influence in racial discrimination. This also changed the way of thinking. Before Darwin, the main belief was in God and the church. Now, many people began to question the church and conduct experiments as did Darwin. They looked at his idea of evolution. They saw that some species continuously adapted to survive while the others who didn’t became extinct. This new idea was completely different then everything coming from God.   At first, many theologians accepted his idea. The theologian said God created the world in â€Å"six days† and for the world to continue it must continuously grow. One theologian disagreed and said that Darwinism went against God. He said natural selection proposed threat to true divine teachings. Darwin never mentioned God. Therefore, his theories go against the Bible. They believe Darwin was trying to drive a wedge between religion and science. The Church condemned this book. The Churches leaders said it will lead you to atheism and immorality. Many creationists fought for equality between evolutionary science, Darwin’s theory, and creation science. Schools began to teach the evolutionary science. Creationists didn’t like this fact and to fight against it. They started to question many different parts of curriculum taught in biology. These antievolutionists would do anything to against Darwin. They created an intelligent design. This was made up of two principles. â€Å"First, within the natural world, and particularly within human beings, there are complex operations that cannot be explained through random adaptation or mutation. Second is the claim that if human beings found such complexity in other areas of human life, they would attribute it to a designer.† (Evolution and Religion) This proposal of intelligent design failed in court just as did scientific creationism. Darwinism didn’t just effect people and their faith. Degeneration was a major effect from his book. Survival of the fittest was interpreted completely differently than how he had written it. He had written it as more individualistic. He looked at human instincts, sympathies, and moral sentiments. He talked about social progress without the influence of the environment. People read this and took it to the next level. This idea caused people to believe their society was more evolved then the next. They began to cause competition between other nations. Nations continued to modernize and grow. They started to colonize since they believed the weaker nations could benefit. The idea of survival of the fittest was a major factor in the race to overseas colonies. The more colonies they obtained the more powerful and strongest nation they were. They were also helping out the lower ethnicities in modernizing and becoming stronger.   Nations began to exclude and classify people. Many disabled people also effected greatly. They were now viewed a weak. They were now no longer as accepted as everyone else. A disabled person was no looked down upon and not treated as an equal. Some scientists even began to discard Darwin’s theories due to the fact it caused racism and classism. They began to believe it wasn’t anything scientific at all. It was just another mere ideology that went against the Church’s teachings. Darwin’s theory also caused many governments to begin to switch to a laissez-faire economy. The idea of the government allowing the economy to evolve, grow, and adapt on its own was influenced by Social Darwinism. The economy will adjust on its own. The government does not need to help the poor. They are weak and should not benefit from society. They should die out and the fittest part of the population will survive. Government cutting back control allowed more of a cutthroat economy. Many people were willing to do whatever it takes to get ahead. This caused some chaos and harmful situations in the economy. Darwin’s ideas caused a lot of domino effects. He wrote his book about finches and ended up causing racism and classism. His idea of natural selection caused major issues with the Church. Evolution allowed many different scientists to try new experiments. Nations began to grow and stir up nationalism and colonization. Many colonies grew and were modernized. New classes in society were created. New government tactics were used. Darwin had just as many supports as he did rejecting him. Darwin’s book stirred up many different ideas and viewpoints that changed society as a whole forever. Upon his death, a new theory came into play and many people began to follow it. These people called themselves Darwinists and they believed that human beings were occasionally reverted, both physically and mentally to a pre human stage of development. This person was referred to as an atavistic criminal type. The focus on this certain archetype was to identify the type of criminal who should be put into prison permanently in order to protect society, even if that particular crime committed was a minor offense. On the other side, if someone who was not an atavistic type, it was considered to be a mistake, and therefore, imprisonment would serve no purpose to the non-atavistic person. Darwinian criminologists had the belief that the punishment must fit the criminal and not the crime. At the time, criminologists all agreed on this theory to explain criminals and crime and as a result, public opinion and official policy makers interest peaked. The criminal physical type is still a part of our world today even though the theory of atavists as a causative factor in criminals has ceased to exist. Darwin had a huge impact on the theory of anthropological criminology also referred to as criminal anthropology, which is a combination of the study of humans and criminals. His evolutionary theory shapes the world we live in today and explains the evolution of criminals thought processes as well as all the theories covered in criminology. Social Darwinism explains how characteristics which are observable were inheritable and explains how a trait may appear in one generation and not the next. The theory, brought out by Cesare Lombroso started with the experimentation of performing autopsies on criminals and declaring he had found similarities between physiologies of their bodies. He thought that criminals were born with inferior detectible physiological differences. They involved receding foreheads, similar height, and shape and size. He outlined fourteen characteristics that were similar amongst these people. Some of the features were that they were unusually tall or short, small head, large face, thin upper lips, bumps on the head, tattoos, bushy eyebrows, large eye sockets, among other characteristics. The term criminal anthropology was coined by Lombroso. His main purpose was to locate the crime within the person and remove it completely from their surroundings. He is known as the founder of the Positivist school of criminology, one of the many criminological theories. It is a field of offender profiling, which is still used today, based on the perceived links between a crime’s nature and the personality or appearance of the offender. The term criminal anthropology was coined by Lombroso in the late 19th Century. All these advancements in criminology all stem from Charles Darwin, father of the evolutionary theory. He is the reason for all the criminological theories, as well as the notoriety of Cesare Lombroso. If it weren’t for his evolutionary theory, the advancements we have in criminal profiling, and theories like the Classical theory and Broken Windows theory would not be here today. Charles Darwin played a huge part in the creation of criminology and continues to do so. If it weren’t for Darwin, we would not be as advanced as we are today in the criminal justice system. References Cornfield, Justin. â€Å"Darwin, Charles†. Encyclopedia of World History, Vol. 4. New York: Facts on File, 2013. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http://online.infobase.com/Article/Details/245437?q=Charles DarwinQueen, Edward L., and Gardiner H. Shattuck. â€Å"Evolution and Religion.† Encyclopedia of American Religious History, Third Edition, 3-Volume Set. New York: Facts on File, 2009. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http://online.infobase.com/Article/Details/194376?q=Darwinism impactStoskopf, Alan. â€Å"Social Darwinism†. Encyclopedia of American Disability History, 3-Volume Set. New York: Facts on File, 2011. History Research Center. Web. 19 Apr. 2015. http://online.infobase.com/Article/Details/209404?q=Social Darwinism

Loss of Vioxx Leads to Increased Pain For Arthritis Sufferers :: Interviews Prescription Drugs Papers

Loss of Vioxx Leads to Increased Pain For Arthritis Sufferers The consequences of Kevin Swearingen’s two-story fall in 1988 were more diverse and long term than expected. The 41-year-old construction worker sustained a spinal injury that left him with arthritis on the inside of his spinal column causing him pain, frustration, and depression. â€Å"After I recovered [from the fall] I had to keep working, but at a much lower pay scale since going back to construction work was impossible,† Swearingen said. Dealing with the pain, inability to work and play with his kids, he fell into a depression. â€Å"I was an emotional mess. I was drinking to kill the pain and I was contemplating suicide,† he said. It wasn’t until Swearingen began taking Vioxx that things began to look up. â€Å"It gave me much of my life back. I could play with the kids on better pain days and it greatly reduced the pain on the bad days.† Vioxx is a Cox-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that cuts down on pain, stiffness and swelling by reducing the production of prostaglandins which help the brain read messages of pain from the body. Other popular cox-2 inhibitors include Celebrex and Bextra. â€Å"Vioxx and Celebrex were developed for those who had stomach problems like ulcers and bleeding,† Dr. Bukowski from Boston’s Brigham and Women’s hospital said. Swearingen having suffered an ulcer at age twelve was put on Vioxx after being diagnosed with Osteoarthritis at age 26. Merck, the drug manufacturer, took Vioxx off the market last September after studies revealed the drug caused complications of heart problems in users. When taken off the market, some 80 million patients who have used it were affected. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, it was the â€Å"largest prescription-drug withdrawal in history.† Many arthritis sufferers such as Swearingen were distressed with Merck’s decision. The trial revealing heart risks associated with Vioxx was conducted by an independent data safety monitoring board (DSMB). The Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROV) trial revealed that Vioxx did in fact pose heart risks. 3.5 percent of the 2600 patients using the Vioxx had suffered myocardial infractions or strokes compared to the 1.9 percent who took a placebo pill. The trial’s goal was not to test Vioxx’s safety, but rather to test it’s effectiveness in preventing colorectal polyps in patients with a history of colorectal adenomas. The trial was stopped prematurely once these statistics were discovered.